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device operating temperature range package semiconductor technical data color television rgb to pal/ntsc encoder ordering information MC1377dw MC1377p t a = 0 to +70 c so20l plastic dip order this document by MC1377/d p suffix plastic package case 738 dw suffix plastic package case 751d (so20l) 20 1 20 1 1 motorola analog ic device data
the MC1377 will generate a composite video from baseband red, green, blue, and sync inputs. on board features include: a color subcarrier oscillator; voltage controlled 90 phase shifter; two double sideband suppressed carrier (dsbsc) chroma modulators; and rgb input matrices with blanking level clamps. such features permit system design with few external components and accordingly , system performance comparable to studio equipment with external components common in receiver systems. ? selfcontained or externally driven reference oscillator ? chroma axes, nominally 90 ( 5 ), are optionally trimable ? pal/ntsc compatible ? internal 8.2 v regulator figure 1. representative block diagram osc out osc in ntsc/pal select gnd 18 17 20 15 quad decoup v cc v b 19 14 16 13 10 11 12 9 7 chroma out chroma in by clamp ry clamp composite video output video clamp 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 t rise composite sync input r g b inputs y out y in oscillator buffer voltage controlled 90 8.2v regulator pal switch 0/180 chroma amp by clamp ry clamp output amp/ clamp color difference and luminance matrix dual comparator latching ramp generator pal/ntsc control burst pulse driver 90 0 h/2 ry by ry by y ? motorola, inc. 1995
MC1377 2 motorola analog ic device data maximum operating conditions rating symbol value unit supply voltage v cc 15 vdc storage temperature t stg 65 to +150 c power dissipation package derate above 25 c p d 1.25 10 w mw/ c operating temperature t a 0 to +70 c recommended operating conditions characteristics min typ max unit supply voltage 10 12 14 vdc i b current (pin 16) 0 10 ma sync, blanking level (dc level between pulses, see figure 9e) sync tip level (see figure 9e) sync pulse width (see figure 9e) 1.7 0.5 2.5 0 8.2 0.9 5.2 vdc m s r, g, b input (amplitude) r, g, b peak levels for dc coupled inputs, with respect to ground 2.2 1.0 4.4 v pp v chrominance bandwidth (noncomb filtered applications), (6 db) 0.5 1.5 2.0 mhz ext. subscarrier input (to pin 17) if onchip oscillator is not used. 0.5 0.7 1.0 v pp electrical characteristics (v cc = 12 vdc, t a = 25 c, circuit of figure 7, unless otherwise noted.) characteristics pins symbol min typ max unit supply current supply current into v cc, no load, on pin 9. v cc = 10 v circuit figure 7 v cc = 11 v v cc = 12 v v cc = 13 v v cc = 14 v 14 i cc 20 33 34 35 36 37 40 ma voltage regulator v b voltage (i b = 10 ma, v cc = 12 v, figure 7) load regulation (0 < i b 10 ma, v cc = 12 v) line regulation (i b = 0 ma, 10 v < v cc < 14 v) 16 v b reg load reg line 7.7 20 8.2 120 4.5 8.7 +30 vdc mv mv/v oscillator and modulation oscillator amplitude with 3.58 mhz/4.43 mhz crystal 17 osc 0.6 v pp subcarrier input: resistance at 3.58 mhz subcarrier input: resistance at 4.43 mhz 17 r osc 5.0 4.0 k w capacitance c osc 2.0 pf modulation angle (ry) to (by) angle adjustment (ry) dc bias voltage 19 19 ? m d ? m v 19 5 0.25 6.4 deg deg/ m a vdc chrominance and luminance chroma input dc level chroma input level for 100% saturation 10 v in 4.0 0.7 vdc v pp chroma input: resistance chroma input: capacitance r in c in 10 2.0 k w pf chroma dc output level chroma output level at 100% saturation 13 v out 8.9 10 1.0 10.9 vdc v pp chroma output resistance r out 50 w luminance bandwidth (3.0 db), less delay line 9 bw luma 8.0 mhz
MC1377 3 motorola analog ic device data electrical characteristics (v cc = 12 vdc, t a = 25 c, circuit of figure 7, unless otherwise noted.) characteristics pins symbol min typ max unit video input r, g, b input dc levels 3, 4, 5 rgb 2.8 3.3 3.8 vdc r, g, b input for 100% color saturation 1.0 v pp r, g, b input: resistance r, g, b input: capacitance r rgb c rgb 8.0 10 2.0 17 k w pf sync input resistance (1.7 v < input < 8.2) 2 sync 10 k w composite video output composite output, 100% saturation (see figure 8d) sync luminance chroma burst 9 cv out 0.6 1.4 1.7 0.6 v pp output impedance (note 1) r video 50 w subcarrier leakage in output (note 2) v lk 20 mv pp notes: 1. output impedance can be reduced to less than 10 w by using a 150 w output load from pin 9 to ground. power supply current will increase to about 60 ma. 2. subcarrier leakage can be reduced to less than 10 mv with optional circuitry (see figure 12). pin function descriptions symbol pin description t r 1 external components at this pin set the rise time of the internal ramp function generator (see figure 10). sync 2 composite sync input. presents 10 k w resistance to input. r 3 red signal input. presents 10 k w impedance to input. 1.0 v pp required for 100% saturation. g 4 green signal input. presents 10 k w impedance to input. 1.0 v pp required for 100% saturation. b 5 blue signal input. presents 10 k w impedance to input. 1.0 v pp required for 100% saturation. y out 6 luma (y) output. allows external setting of luma delay time. v clamp 7 video clamp pin. typical connection is a 0.01 m f capacitor to ground. y in 8 luma (y) input. presents 10 k w input impedance. cv out 9 composite video output. 50 w output impedance. chroma in 10 chroma input. presents 10 k w input impedance. by clamp 11 by clamp. clamps by during blanking with a 0.1 m f capacitor to ground. also used with ry clamp to null residual color subcarrier in output. ry clamp 12 ry clamp. clamps ry during blanking with a 0.1 m f capacitor to ground. also used with by clamp to null residual color subcarrier in output. chroma out 13 chroma output. 50 w output impedance. v cc 14 power supply pin for the ic; +12, 2.0 v, required at 35 ma (typical). gnd 15 ground pin. v b 16 8.2 v reference from an internal regulator capable of delivering 10 ma to external circuitry . osc in 17 oscillator input. a transistor base presents 5.0 k w to an external subcarrier input, or is available for constructing a colpitts oscillator (see figure 4). osc out 18 oscillator output. the emitter of the transistor , with base access at pin 17, is accessible for completing the colpitts oscillator. see figure 4. ? m 19 quad decoupler. with external circuitry , ry to by relative angle errors can be corrected. t ypically, requires a 0.01 m f capacitor to ground. ntsc/pal select 20 ntsc/p al switch. when grounded, the MC1377 is in the ntsc mode; if unconnected, in the p al mode.
MC1377 4 motorola analog ic device data functional description figure 2. power supply and v b 0.1 v cc = +12v 16 14 15 32ma 8.2v regulator 9 100 figure 3. rgb input circuitry 13 17 18 19 chroma out oscillator quad decoup amp/ buffer d q pal switch 0/180 ntsc pal pal/ntsc control burst flag ntsc pal by ry by ry +90 r figure 4. chroma section ry 15 m f 3 18k by y rgb matrix 18k 18k 15 m f 4 g 15 m f 5 b 6 y 27k 27k 27k power supply and v b (8.2 v regulator) the MC1377 pin for power supply connection is pin 14. from the supply voltage applied to this pin, the ic biases internal output stages and is used to power the 8.2 v internal regulator (v b at pin 16) which biases the majority of internal circuitry. the regulator will provide a nominal 8.2 v and is capable of 10 ma before degradation of performance. an equivalent circuit of the supply and regulator is shown in figure 2. r, g, b inputs the rgb inputs are internally biased to 3.3 v and provide 10 k w of input impedance. figure 3 shows representative input circuitry at pins 3, 4, and 5. the input coupling capacitors of 15 m f are used to prevent tilt during the 50/60 hz vertical period. however , if it is desired to avoid the use of the capacitors, then inputs to pins 3, 4, and 5 can be dc coupled provided that the signal levels are always between 2.2 v and 4.4 v. after input, the separate rgb information is introduced to the matrix circuitry which outputs the ry , by , and y signals. the y information is routed out at pin 6 to an external delay line (typically 400 ns). dsbsc modulators and 3.58 mhz oscillator the ry and by outputs (see (by)/(ry) axes versus i/q axes, figure 22) from the matrix circuitry are amplitude modulated onto the 3.58/4.43 mhz subcarrier . these signals are added and color burst is included to produce composite chroma available at pin 13. these functions plus others, depending on whether ntsc or p al operation is chosen, are performed in the chroma section. figure 4 shows a block diagram of the chroma section. the MC1377 has two double balanced mixers, and regardless of which mode is chosen (ntsc or p al), the mixers always perform the same operation. the by mixer modulates the color subcarrier directly , the ry mixer receives a 90 phase shifted color subcarrier before being modulated by the ry baseband information. additional operations are then performed on these two signals to make them ntsc or pal compatible. in the ntsc mode, the ntsc/pal control circuitry allows an inverted burst of 3.58 mhz to be added only to the by signal. a gating pulse or aburst flago from the timing section permits color burst to be added to the by signal. this color burst is 180 from the by signal and 90 away from the ry signal (see figure 22) and permits decoding of the color information. these signals are then added and amplified before being output, at pin 13, to be bandpassed and then reintroduced to the ic at pin 10. in the p al mode, ntsc/p al control circuitry allows an inverted 4.43 mhz burst to be added to both ry and by equally to produce the characteristic p al 225 /135 burst phase. also, the ry information is switched alternately from 180 to 0 of its original position and added to the by information to be amplified and output.
MC1377 5 motorola analog ic device data timing circuitry the c omposit e s yn c i npu t a t p i n 2 p erforms t hree important functions: it provides the timing (but not the amplitude) for the sync in the final output; it drives the black level clamps in the modulators and output amplifier; and it triggers the ramp generator at pin 1, which produces burst envelope and p al switching. a representative block diagram of the timing circuitry is shown in figure 5. in order to produce a color burst, a burst envelope must be generated which agateso a color subcarrier into the ry and by modulators. this is done with the ramp generator at pin 1. the ramp generator at pin 1 is an rc type in which the pin is held low until the arrival of the leading edge of sync. the rising ramp function, with time constant rc, passes through two level sensors the first one starts the gating pulse and the second stops it (see figure 10). since the aearlyo part of the exponential is used, the timing provided is relatively accurate from chiptochip and assemblytoassembly . fixed c omponents a r e u suall y a dequate . t h e r amp continues to rise for more than half of the line interval, thereby inhibiting burst generation on ahalf intervalo pulses on vertical front and back porches. the ramp method will produce burst on the vertical front and back aporcheso at full line intervals. ry, by clamps and output clamp/amplifier the sync signal, shown in the block diagram of figure 6, drives the ry and by clamps which clamp the ry and by signals to reference black during the blanking periods. the output amplifier/clamp provides this same function plus combines and amplifies the chroma and luma components for composite video output. application circuit figure 7 illustrates the block diagram of the MC1377 and the external circuitry required for typical operation. 11 sync input figure 5. timing circuitry figure 6. ry, by and output amplifier clamps pal/ ntsc h/2 line drive 10k latching ramp generator dual comparator burst flag burst pulse driver pal/ntsc control 20 2 1 by ry sync by clamp ry clamp output amp/clamp chroma 10 12 9 7 8 y composite video v b r c 0.1 0.1 0.01 figure 7. block diagram and application circuit ry by osc/ buffer voltage controlled 90 8.2v regulator pal switch 0/180 chroma amp by clamp ry clamp output amp/ clamp color difference and luminance matrix dual comparator latching ramp gen pal/nts c control burst pulse driver 0.01 19 v cc 16 v b 0.1 toko 166nnf 10264ag 13 220 100/ 62* 0.1 3.3k 47/33* 10 9 7 0.01 12 0.1 0.1 1000 3.58/ 4.43* mhz 220 220 5.0 to 25pf 20 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 56k 0.001 mica composite sync input 14 11 composite video output 1.0k 400ns y delay 1.0k + + + 15 m f 15 m f 15 m f v b r g b r, g, b inputs h/2 90 0 ntsc/ pal select 17 18 * refers to the choice ntsc/pal * (3.58 mhz/4.43 mhz). ry by y y
MC1377 6 motorola analog ic device data 10k r29 r21 220 r161 15k r127 27k r129 18k r126 2.7k r123 3.9k t111 t23 22k r28 r4 2.0k +12v +8.2v gnd pal/ntsc comp sync t rise rin gin bin r6a 5.1k z1 r2 1.2k r2a 1.0k t1 r3 6.8k r13 22k r11 22k r12 10k r14 22k r22 270 r9 22k 560 r25 560 r26 t22 t19 t20 r23 1.5k r24 1.5k r18 220 r20 220 t17 t15 t16 t24 t25 t26 t27 t10 t13 r16 1.0k r17 1.0k t9 t8 t7 r8 220 r9 220 r5 470 t5 t4 + c1 5pf r6 5.1k r10 5.0k r15 t2 t3 r7 4.0k + c2 18pf t11 t12 t28 5.0k r30 r162 r71 22k r69 r70 10k r72 22k r73 22k r74 10k r75 10k t79 t68 t69 r77 15k r76 15k r80a 4.0k r81 22k t71 t73 t74 r83 10k r79 1.0k r78 15k z2 t75 r86 10k t76 r87 13.8k r88 30.4k t77 r95 18k t82 t81 r94 2.2k r93 2.2k r92 2.2k r91 10k t78 t79 t80 r85 10k t72 r82 22k r100 22k t91b t91a r96 22k r101 10k r97 22k r102 1.0k t90 r99 10k r98 22k t92 t93 t94 r160 22k r104 2.0k r104 15k r108 2.7k r164 4.7k t102 t103 t104 t101 t100 t99 t98 r107 820 t95 r105 7.5k r110 1.0k t105 r111 4.7k t107 r112 36k r113 27k r118 r117 10k r120 27k t110 t109 t108 r115 18k r119 5.3k r116 3.9k r122 18k t96 r106 9.1k r109 22k t206 t97 19 18 17 14 16 15 20 2 1 3 4 5 osc in osc out quad decoup 10k r121 27k 22k r90 r80 b 6.0k t18 t6 t14 1.5k 220 r27 220 22k 10k
MC1377 7 motorola analog ic device data r31 5.1k r31 5.1k t30 r35 1.0k r36 1.0k r66 2.4k r51 12k r67 220 t5 4 r68 3.0k r55 220 r54 220 t50 t51 t52 t53 t57 t56 r65 220 by clamp t58 r58 300 r63 10k r58 300 r60 4.7k t59 t66 r44a 22k r52 10k r49 10k r45 300 r44 22k r43 10k r38 10k r47 4.7k t45 t46 t62 t43 t44 r40 2.0k r41 2.0k t41 t40 r47 1.0k r46 1.0k r39 500 t39 t47 t63 t64 t65 r62 2.0k r61 2.0k r56 1.0k t55 r53 500 t49 t33 t34 t32 t31 r37 220 t35 t36 t37 t38 t42 27k r34 22k r33 10k r29 r21 220 r27 220 r135 220 r136 4.7k r134 220 r133 220 r137 1.5k r139 40k t118 t120 r156 220 t117 470 r140 470 r141 4.7k r138 22k r155 20k r144 r157 22k r147 27k r154 100 r153 220 t128 composite video out video clamp chroma in ry clamp chroma out y in y out r151 9.1k r149 10k 15k r152 r150 4.7k t126 15k r148 10k r142 r143 22k r145 3.3k t123 t124 t125 t122 t121 t119 t116 t114 r124 12.5 k r132 1.85k r163 10k r125 12.5k r131 14k r130 3.9k r159 10k r127 27k t113 t112 t127 r129 18k r126 2.7k r123 3.9k t1 t23 t48 r50 220 r43a 10k t60 t61 22k r28 t28 5.0k r30 t110 13 11 12 10 9 7 8 6 t115 r128 220 r158 10k r48 500 r57 1.0k r64 500 pal f/f ry by burst flag burst flag pal f/f figure 8. internal schematic
MC1377 8 motorola analog ic device data application information figure 8. signal voltages (circuit values of figure 7) 4.4v limits for dc coupled inputs (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) 1.0v pp 1.0v pp 1.0v pp 2.2v 5.0 4.0 3.0 8.2 max 1.7 min 0.9 max 0 0.5 min 10.5 10.0 9.5 4.35 4.0 3.65 5.2 4.3 2.6 2.1 luminance input (pin 8) luminance output (pin 6) chroma input (pin 10) chroma output (pin 13) sync input (pin 2) composite output (pin 9) 100% blue input (pin 5) 100% red input (pin 3) 100% green input (pin 4) r, g, b input levels the signal levels into pins 3, 4, 5 should be 1.0 v pp for fully saturated, standard composite video output levels as shown in figure 9(d). the inputs require 1.0 v pp since the internally generated sync pulse and color burst are at fixed and predetermined amplitudes. further, it is essential that the portion of each input which occurs during the sync interval represent black for that input since that level will be clamped to reference black in the color modulators and output stage. this implies that a refinement, such as a dif ference between black and blanking levels, must be incorporated in the rgb input signals. if y , ry , by and burst flag components are available and the MC1377 is operating in ntsc, inputs may be as follows: the y component can be coupled through a 15 pf capacitor to pins 3, 4 and 5 tied together; the ([ry]) component can be coupled to pin 12 through a 0.1 m f capacitor , and the ([by]) and burst flag components can be coupled to pin 1 1 in a similar manner. sync input as shown in figure 9(e), the sync input amplitude can be varied over a wide latitude, but will require bias pullup from most sync sources. the important requirements are: 1) the voltage level between sync pulses must be between 1.7 v and 8.2 v, see figure 9(e). 2) the voltage level for the sync tips must be between +0.9 v and 0.5 v , to prevent substrate leakage in the ic, see figure 9(e). 3) the width of the sync pulse should be no longer than 5.2 m s and no shorter than 2.5 m s. for p al operation, correctly serrated vertical sync is necessary to properly trigger the p al divider . in ntsc mode, simplified ablocko vertical sync can be used but the loss of proper horizontal timing may cause atop hooko or aflag wavingo in some monitors. an interesting note is that composite video can be used directly as a sync signal, provided that it meets the sync input criteria. latching ramp (burst flag) generator the recommended application is to connect a close tolerance (5%) 0.001 m f capacitor from pin 1 to ground and a resistor of 51 k w or 56 k w from pin 1 to v b (pin 16). this will produce a burst pulse of 2.5 m s to 3.5 m s in duration, as shown in figure 10. as the ramp on pin 1 rises toward the charging voltage of 8.2 v , it passes first through a burst astart thresholdo at 1.0 v , then a astop thresholdo at 1.3 v , and finally a ramp reset threshold at 5.0 v . if the resistor is reduced to 43 k w , the ramp will rise more quickly , producing a narrower and earlier burst pulse (starting approx. 0.4 m s after sync and about 0.6 m s wide). the burst will be wider and later if the resistor is raised to 62 k w , but more importantly , the 5.0 v reset point may not be reached in one full line interval, resulting in loss of alternate burst pulses. as mentioned earlier , the ramp method does produce burst at full line intervals on the avertical porches.o if this is not desired, and the MC1377 is operating in the ntsc mode, burst flag may be applied to pin 1 provided that the tip of the pulse is between 1.0 vdc and 1.3 vdc. in p al mode this method is not suitable, since the ramp isn't available to drive the pal flipflop. another means of inhibiting the burst pulse is to set pin 1 either above 1.3 vdc or below 1.0 vdc for the duration that burst is not desired.
MC1377 9 motorola analog ic device data color reference oscillator/buffer as stated earlier in the general description, there is an onboard c ommo n c ollecto r c olpitt s c olo r r eference oscillator with the transistor base at pin 17 and the emitter at pin 18. when used with a common lowcost tv crystal and capacitive divider, about 0.6 v pp will be developed at pin 17. the frequency adjustment can be done with a series 30 pf trimmer capacitor over a total range of about 1.0 khz. oscillator frequency should be adjusted for each unit, keeping in mind that most monitors and receivers can pull in 1200 hz. if an external color reference is to be used exclusively , it must be continuous. the components on pins 17 and 18 can be removed, and the external source capacitively coupled into pin 17. the input at pin 17 should be a sine wave with amplitude between 0.5 v pp and 1.0 v pp . also, it is possible to do both; i.e., let the oscillator afree runo on its own crystal and override with an external source. an extra coupling capacitor of 50 pf from the external source to pin 17 was adequate with the experimentation attempted. voltage controlled 90 the oscillator drives the (by) modulator and a voltage controlled phase shifter which produces an oscillator phase of 90 5 at the (ry) modulator . in most situations, the result of an error of 5 is very subtle to all but the most expert eye. however , if it is necessary to adjust the angle to better accuracy, the circuit shown in figure 11 can be used. pulling pin 19 up will increase the (ry) to (by) angle by about 0.25 / m a. pulling pin 19 down reduces the angle by the same sensitivity . the nominal pin 19 voltage is about 6.3 v , so even though it is unregulated, the 12 v supply is best for good control. for ef fective adjustment, the simplest approach is to apply rgb color bar inputs and use a vectorscope. a simple bar generator giving r, g, and b outputs is shown in figure 26. figure 9. ramp/burst gate generator pin 1 ramp v oltage (vdc) 1.3 5.0 0 1.0 50 63.5 8.5 0 5.5 burst stop time ( m s) burst start sync (pin 2 ) residual feedthrough components as shown in figure 9(d), the composite output at pin 9 for fully saturated color bars is about 2.6 v pp , output with full chroma on the largest bars (cyan and red) being 1.7 v pp . the typical device, due to imperfections in gain, matrixing, and modulator balance, will exhibit about 20 mv pp residual color subcarrier in both white and black. both residuals can be reduced to less than 10 mv pp for the more exacting applications. the subcarrier feedthrough in black is due primarily to imbalance in the modulators and can be nulled by sinking or sourcing small currents into clamp pins 1 1 and 12 as shown in figure 12. the nominal voltage on these pins is about 4.0 vdc, so the 8.2 v regulator is capable of supplying a pull up source. pulling pin 1 1 down is in the 0 direction, pulling it up is towards 180 . pulling pin 12 down is in the 90 direction, pulling it up is towards 270 . any direction of correction may be required from part to part. white c arrie r i mbalanc e a t t h e o utpu t c a n o nl y b e corrected by juggling the relative levels of r, g, and b inputs for perfect balance. standard devices are tested to be within 5% of balance at full saturation. black balance should be adjusted first, because it af fects all levels of gray scale equally. there is also usually some residual baseband video at the chroma output (pin 13), which is most easily observed by disabling the color oscillator . t ypical devices show 0.4 v pp of residual luminance for saturated color bar inputs. this is not a major problem since pin 13 is always coupled to pin 10 through a bandpass or a high pass filter , but it serves as a warning to pay proper attention to the coupling network. figure 10. adjusting modulator angle 19 0.01 m f 220k 12vdc 10k
MC1377 10 motorola analog ic device data figure 11. nulling residual color in black figure 12. delay of chroma information 12 11 470k 470k v b v b 10k 10k luminance chroma the chroma coupling circuits with the exception of svhs equipped monitors and receivers, it is generally true that most monitors and receivers have color if 6.0 db bandwidths limited to approximately 0.5 mhz. it is therefore recommended that the encoder circuit s houl d a ls o l imi t t he c hrom a b andwidt h t o approximately 0.5 mhz through insertion of a bandpass circuit between pin 13 and pin 10. however , if svhs operation is desired, a coupling circuit which outputs the composite chroma directly for connection to a svhs terminal is given in the svhs application (see figure 19). for proper color level in the video output, a 0.5 mhz bandwidth and a midband insertion loss of 3.0 db is desired. the bandpass circuit shown in figure 7, using the t oko fixed tuned transformer , couples pin 10 to pin 13 and gives this result. however , this circuit introduces about 350 ns of delay to the chroma information (see figure 13). this must be accounted for in the luminance path. a 350 ns delay results in a visible displacement of the color and black and white information on the final display . the solution is to place a delay line in the luminance path from pins 6 to 8, to realign the two components. a normal tv receiver delay line can be used. these delay lines are usually of 1.0 k w to 1.5 k w characteristic impedance, and the resistors at pins 6 and 8 should be selected accordingly . a very compact, lumped constant delay line is available from tdk (see figure 25 for specifications). some types of delay lines have very low impedances (approx. 100 w ) and should not b e u sed , d u e t o d riv e a n d p owe r d issipation requirements. in the event of very low resolution rgb, the transformer and the delay line may be omitted from the circuit. v ery low resolution f o r t h e m c137 7 c a n b e c onsidere d r gb information of less than 1.5 mhz. however , in this situation, a bandwidth reduction scheme is still recommended due to the response of most receivers. figure 14(a) shows the output of the MC1377 with low resolution rgb inputs. if no bandwidth reduction is employed then a monitor or receiver with frequency response shown in figure 14(b), which is fairly typical of noncomb filtered monitors a n d r eceivers , w il l d etect a n i ncorrec t l uma sideband at x . this will result in crosstalk in the form of chroma information in the luma channel. t o avoid this situation, a simpler bandpass circuit as shown in figure 15(a), can be used. figure 13. MC1377 output with low resolution rgb inputs (a) encoder output with low resolution inputs and no bandpass transformer (b) standard receiver response gain gain x x x x x x 1.0 2.0 3.0 3.58 4.0 5.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 3.58 4.0 5.0 a final option is shown in figure 15(b). this circuit provides very little bandwidth reduction, but enough to remove the chroma to luma feedthrough, with essentially no delay . there is, however, about a 9 db insertion loss from this network. it will be left to the designer to decide which, if any , compromises are acceptable. color bars viewed on a good monitor c a n b e u se d t o j udge a cceptabilit y o f s tep luminance/chrominance alignment and step edge transients, but signals containing the finest detail to be encountered in the system must also be examined before settling on a compromise. the output stage the output amplifier normally produces about 2.0 v pp and is intended to be loaded with 150 w as shown in figure 16. this provides about 1.0 v pp into 75 w , an industry standard level (rs343). in some cases, the input to the monitor may be through a large coupling capacitor . if so, it is necessary to connect a 150 w resistor from pin 9 to ground to provide a low impedance path to discharge the capacitor . the nominal average voltage at pin 9 is over 4.0 v . the 150 w dc load causes the current supply to rise another 30 ma (to approximately 60 ma total into pin 14). under this (normal) condition the total device dissipation is about 600 mw . the calculated worst case die temperature rise is 60 c, but the typical device in a test socket is only slightly warm to the touch at room temperature. the solid copper 20pin lead frame i n a p rinte d c ircui t b oar d w il l b e e ve n m ore effectively cooled.
MC1377 11 motorola analog ic device data figure 14. optional chroma coupling circuits 0.001 1.0k 0.001 13 10 39pf 56pf 0.001 4.7k 27pf 13 10 1.0k a) insertion loss: 3.0 db a) bandwidth: 1.0 mhz a) delay: 100 ns b) insertion loss: 9.0 db b) bandwidth: 2.0 mhz b) delay: 0 22 m h power supplies the MC1377 is designed to operate from an unregulated 10 v to 14 vdc power supply . device current into pin 14 with open output is typically 35 ma. t o provide a stable reference for the ramp generator and the video output, a high quality 8.2 v regulator can supply up to 10 ma for external uses, with an ef fective source impedance of less than 1.0 w . this regulator is convenient for a tracking dc reference for dc coupling the output to an rf modulator. typical turnon drift for the regulator is approximately 30 mv over 1 to 2 minutes in otherwise stable ambient conditions. figure 15. output t ermination 9 output 75 monitor MC1377 4.7k 75 w cable 75 summary the preceding information was intended to detail the application and basis of circuit choices for the MC1377. a complete m c137 7 a pplicatio n w it h t h e m c137 4 v hf modulator is illustrated in figure 17. the internal schematic diagram of the MC1377 is provided in figure 8. figure 16. application with vhf modulator 3.58mhz 75 rf out 47k 17 18 2 3 4 5 10 13 14 11 12 19 15 7 6 8 9 1 16 20 10 525 220 220 s r 0.1 + + + 15 15 15 0.001 3.3k b g 47 100 220 +12vdc 0.1 0.1 .01 .01 1.2k 1.2k delay line video out audio in 1.0 0.001 0.001 mica 53k 0.1 6.8k 120 47 2.2k v cc 470 0.001 470 470 56 0.12 m h pal ntsc 8.2v ref 2.7k +12vdc 75 0.33 m h 0.33 m h 0.001 22 47 22 5.1k 6 7 4 8 9 12 13 10 5 14 11 2 3 1 MC1377 mc1374 + 10 m h + 0.1 color bandpass transformer (fig. 24)
MC1377 12 motorola analog ic device data applications information svhs in f ul l r g b s ystem s ( figur e 1 8) , t hre e i nformation channels are provided from the signal source to the display to permit unimpaired image resolution. the detail reproduction of the system is limited only by the signal bandwidth and the capability of the color display device. also, higher than normal sweep rates may be employed to add more lines within a vertical period and three separate projection picture tubes can be used to eliminate the ashadow masko limitations of a conventional color crt. figure 21 shows the abasebando components of a studio ntsc s ignal . a s i n t h e p reviou s e xample , e nerg y i s concentrated at multiples of the horizontal sweep frequency. the system is further refined by precisely locating the color subcarrier midway between luminance spectral components. this places all color spectra between luminance spectra and can be accomplished in the MC1377 only if afull interlacedo external color reference and sync are applied. the individual components of luminance and color can then be separated by the use of a comb filter in the monitor or receiver . this technique has not been widely used in consumer products, due to cost, but it is rapidly becoming less expensive and more common. another technique which is gaining popularity is svhs (super vhs). in svhs, the chroma and luma information are contained on separate channels. this allows the bandwidth of both the chroma and luma channels to be as wide as the monitors ability to reproduce the extra high frequency information. an output coupling circuit for the composite chroma using the toko transformer is shown in figure 19. it is composed of the bandpass transformer and an output buf fer and has the frequency performance shown in figure 20. the composite output (pin 9) then produces the luma information as well as composite sync and blanking. figure 17. spectra of a full rgb system figure 18. svhs output buffer figure 19. frequency response of chroma coupling circuit 2.7 3.66 4.5 f, mhz 6 db red green blue 1.0 2.0 3.0 48 f, frequency (mhz) 13 100/62pf* 220 +12vdc 0.1 m f ** 47/33pf* 3.3k 8.2k 6.8k 75 composite chroma out +12vdc 33 16k 1.0 m f 1000pf * *refers to different component values used for ntsc/pal (3.58 mhz/4.43 mhz). **toko 166nnf1026ag
MC1377 13 motorola analog ic device data i/q system versus (ry)/(by) system the ntsc standard calls for unequal bandwidths for i and q (figure 21). the MC1377 has no means of processing the unequal bandwidths because the i and q axes are not used (figure 22) and because the outputs of the (ry) and the (by) modulators are added before being output at pin 13. therefore, any bandwidth reduction intended for the chroma information must be performed on the composite chroma information. this is generally not a problem, however , since most monitors compromise the standard quite a bit. figure 23 shows the typical response of most monitors and r eceivers . t hi s f igur e s hows t ha t s om e c rosstalk between luma and chroma information is always present. the acceptability of the situation is enhanced by the limited ability of the cr t to display information above 2.5 mhz. if the signal from the MC1377 is to be used primarily to drive conventional noncomb filtered monitors or receivers, it would be best to reduce the bandwidth at the MC1377 to that of figure 23 to lessen crosstalk. i (123 ) figure 20. ntsc standard spectral content luminance q color subcarrier sound subcarrier 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 video amplitude f, frequency (mhz) figure 21. color vector relationship (showing standard colors) figure 22. frequency response of typical monitor/tv gain 3.58 2.0 3.0 1.0 4.0 luminance channel chroma channel f, frequency (mhz) (ry) (90 ) red (104 ) yellow (168 ) color burst (180 ) green (241 ) cyan (284 ) blue (348 ) (by) 0 q (33 ) purple (61 ) i
MC1377 14 motorola analog ic device data figure 23. a prototype chroma bandpass transformer toko sample number 166nnf10264ag 7 0.2mm 0.7mm pin diameter 15.0mm max 3.5mm 0.5mm unloaded q (pins 13): 15 @ 2.5 mhz inductance: 30 m h 10% @ 2.5 mhz turns: 60 (each winding) wire: #38 awg (0.1 m/m) connection diagram bottom view (drawing provided by: toko america, skokie, il) time delay impedance resistance t ransient response with 20 ns rise time input pulse attenuation item specifications 3 2 1 4 5 s s figure 24. a prototype delay line tdk sample number dl122301d1533 1.26 max 32.0 0.93 max 23.5 0.2 0.04 5.0 1.0 *marking 0.394 0.06 10.0 1.5 0.8 radius max 2.0 0.788 0.08 20.0 2.0 0.026 0.002 0.65 0.33 0.35 max 9.0 *marking: part number, manufacturer's identification, *marking: date code and lead number. *marking: skokie, il (tdk corporation of america) 400 ns 10% 1200 w 10% less than 15 w preshoot: 10% max overshoot: 10% max rise time: 120 ns max 3 db max at 6.0 mhz
MC1377 15 motorola analog ic device data figure 25. rgb pulse generator rgb pulse generator t iming diagram for ntsc 64 m s yellow green red black white cyan magenta blue 1.0 v pp 154 khz clock blue output red output green output composite blanking input 2.2k 3.3k 3.3k 2.2 k 10 k 470 1.8k 1.8k 680 1.8k 680 470 470 4.7 m f 10k 10k 10k 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 10k freq adj 680 750 pf 8 r10 1/2 mc74ls112a 5.0v reg bnc composite blanking 2n4403 2n 4401 mc1455 mc74ls112a bnc blue output bnc red output bnc green output 2n4401 2n4401 2n4401 7 2 6 4 8 3 5 1 3j 15s 16 2k 13c q7 1c q6 r4 q5 12k 11j 14s q9 3j 15s 16 2k 1c q6 r4 8 154khz
MC1377 16 motorola analog ic device data figure 26. printed circuit boards for the MC1377 (circuit side) (component size) figure 27. color tv encoder modulator 470 470 470 2.7k 2.2k 47k 3.3k 220 1.2k 1.2k 75k 5.1k 6.8k 54k 75 1.0 22 47 22 47 120 0.001 220 220 0.1 0.1 15 m f 15 m f 15 m f 0.001 47 0.001 56 0.001 0.1 .01 0.1 .01 17 18 2 3 4 5 10 13 14 11 12 19 15 7 6 8 9 1 16 20 1 6 7 4 8 9 12 13 10 5 14 11 2 3 0.12 m h 0.33 m h 0.33 m h rf out 10 m h + 400ns 3.58mhz 525 r g b + + + + v cc video out audio in vcc (+12v) 10264 100 ag MC1377 mc1374 8.2vdc 0.1 0.001 mica (+12v) v cc s
MC1377 17 motorola analog ic device data outline dimensions notes: 1. dimensioning and tolerancing per ansi y14.5m, 1982. 2. controlling dimension: inch. 3. dimension l to center of lead when formed parallel. 4. dimension b does not include mold flash. m j 20 pl m b m 0.25 (0.010) t dim min max min max millimeters inches a 25.66 27.17 1.010 1.070 b 6.10 6.60 0.240 0.260 c 3.81 4.57 0.150 0.180 d 0.39 0.55 0.015 0.022 g 2.54 bsc 0.100 bsc j 0.21 0.38 0.008 0.015 k 2.80 3.55 0.110 0.140 l 7.62 bsc 0.300 bsc m 0 15 0 15 n 0.51 1.01 0.020 0.040 e 1.27 1.77 0.050 0.070 1 11 10 20 a seating plane k n f g d 20 pl t m a m 0.25 (0.010) t e b c f 1.27 bsc 0.050 bsc notes: 1. dimensioning and tolerancing per ansi y14.5m, 1982. 2. controlling dimension: millimeter. 3. dimensions a and b do not include mold protrusion. 4. maximum mold protrusion 0.150 (0.006) per side. 5. dimension d does not include dambar protrusion. allowable dambar protrusion shall be 0.13 (0.005) total in excess of d dimension at maximum material condition. a b 20 1 11 10 s a m 0.010 (0.25) b s t d 20x m b m 0.010 (0.25) p 10x j f g 18x k c t seating plane m r x 45 dim min max min max inches millimeters a 12.65 12.95 0.499 0.510 b 7.40 7.60 0.292 0.299 c 2.35 2.65 0.093 0.104 d 0.35 0.49 0.014 0.019 f 0.50 0.90 0.020 0.035 g 1.27 bsc 0.050 bsc j 0.25 0.32 0.010 0.012 k 0.10 0.25 0.004 0.009 m 0 7 0 7 p 10.05 10.55 0.395 0.415 r 0.25 0.75 0.010 0.029 p suffix plastic package case 73803 issue e dw suffix plastic package case 751d04 (so20l) issue e
MC1377 18 motorola analog ic device data motorola reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. motorola makes no warranty , representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does motorola assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability , including without limitation consequential or incidental damages. at ypicalo parameters can and do vary in dif ferent applications. all operating parameters, including at ypicalso must be validated for each customer application by customer ' s technical experts. motorola does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. motorola products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body , or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the motorola product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur . should buyer purchase or use motorola products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, buyer shall indemnify and hold motorola and its of ficers, employees, subsidiaries, af filiates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly , any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that motorola was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. motorola and are registered trademarks of motorola, inc. motorola, inc. is an equal opportunity/af firmative action employer . how to reach us: usa / europe : motorola literature distribution; japan : nippon motorola ltd.; tatsumispdjldc, toshikatsu otsuki, p.o. box 20912; phoenix, arizona 85036. 18004412447 6f seibubutsuryucenter, 3142 tatsumi kotoku, tokyo 135, japan. 0335218315 mfax : rmf ax0@email.sps.mot.com t ouchtone (602) 2446609 hong kong : motorola semiconductors h.k. ltd.; 8b tai ping industrial park, internet : http://designnet.com 51 ting kok road, tai po, n.t., hong kong. 85226629298 MC1377/d ?

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